在 Windows 10 专业版中搭建 Laravel Sail 开发环境

1、Laravel Sail 要求支持 WSL 2 的 Windows 10 系统。在 2020 年五月份发布的 2004 版本才支持 WSL 2 功能，所以我们的系统需更新到等于或大于 2004 版本。查看系统版本，可以使用 winver 命令，参考 Windows 10 release information ，版本的发布时间大于 1909 即可。系统版本符合要求。如图1

图1

2、先基于 360 升级至：最新的 21H1 的版本。如图2

图2

3、查看系统版本，已经升级至：21H1 的版本。如图3

图3

4、搜索打开 Windows 功能管理 窗口，确保下图红框框住的两个地方都已开启：适用于 Linux 的 Windows 子系统、远程差分压缩 API 支持。如图4

图4

5、为了更好地访问 Windows 的子系统，推荐使用 Windows Terminal 作为命令行工具。打开微软商店，搜索关键字 Windows Terminal ，在搜索结果中点击安装即可。如图5

图5

6、下载和安装子系统：Ubuntu 。打开微软商店，搜索关键词 Ubuntu，第一和第二个都可以，选择第二个：Ubuntu 20.04 LTS。如图6

图6

7、提示创建一个 Ubuntu 系统的用户，入用户名，接下来输入密码即可完成 Ubuntu 子系统的安装。这个 Ubuntu 为当前 Windows 系统的子系统，接下来我们的 Docker 会基于此系统运行。如图7

图7

8、前往 Docker 官网下载 Docker Desktop：https://hub.docker.com/editions/community/docker-ce-desktop-windows ，下载完成后点击安装包安装，一直下一步即可。

9、提示：WSL 2 installation is incomplete. WSL 2 安装不完整。如图8

图8

WSL 2 installation is incomplete.
The WSL 2 Linux kernel is now installed using a separate MSI update package. Please click the link and follow the instructions to install the kernel update:https://aka.ms/wsl2kernel

Press restart after installing the Linux kernel

10、点击链接并按照说明安装内核更新：https://aka.ms/wsl2kernel 。下载并安装 Linux 内核更新包。如图9

图9

11、重启电脑，再次打开 Docker Desktop，报错：Docker failed to initialize。暂时不用理会。如图10

图10

12、再次重启电脑后。打开 Docker Desktop，未再报错。进入配置页面 – General，默认已勾选 Use the WSL 2 based engine，开启 WSL2 模式。如图11

图11

13、配置 – Resources – WSL Integration，选择我们上一步安装的 Ubuntu 系统，但是不存在 ubuntu 选项。如图12

图12

14、参考网址：https://learnku.com/articles/54890 。打开：Windows Terminal，转换为 WSL 2。如图13

图13

PS C:\Users\Lenovo> wsl --list --verbose
  NAME                   STATE           VERSION
* Ubuntu-20.04           Running         1
  docker-desktop-data    Running         2
  docker-desktop         Running         2
PS C:\Users\Lenovo> wsl --set-version Ubuntu-20.04 2
正在进行转换，这可能需要几分钟时间...
有关与 WSL 2 的主要区别的信息，请访问 https://aka.ms/wsl2
转换完成。
PS C:\Users\Lenovo>

15、点击按钮 Refresh，选项 Ubuntu-20.04 已经出现，开启。如图14

图14

16、创建测试项目，打开 Windows Terminal 命令行，按照以下指示进入 Ubuntu 系统。如图15

图15

17、Ubuntu 作为 Windows 子系统，可以访问到主系统下的硬盘。为了方便管理代码，我在 E 盘下早已创建了 wwwroot 目录，进入此目录后，使用以下命令进行创建一个测试的 Laravel 项目。如图16

图16

wangqiang@DESKTOP-QLPK8QM:/mnt/c/Users/Lenovo$ cd /mnt/e
wangqiang@DESKTOP-QLPK8QM:/mnt/e$ ls
'$RECYCLE.BIN'  'System Volume Information'   cms   pagefile.sys    phpuploadtmp
 Develop         c                            css   phpsessiontmp   wwwroot
wangqiang@DESKTOP-QLPK8QM:/mnt/e$ cd wwwroot/
wangqiang@DESKTOP-QLPK8QM:/mnt/e/wwwroot$ curl -s https://laravel.build/example-app | bash
Unable to find image 'laravelsail/php81-composer:latest' locally
latest: Pulling from laravelsail/php81-composer
eff15d958d66: Pull complete
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024907232600: Pull complete
df5987d70de6: Pull complete
e2a72a518bd8: Pull complete
b1ba689993c8: Pull complete
3bd142ab0b85: Pull complete
872fe34989f0: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:b27920b769ad8dc036a9ede3ae36f51a280d370ec7d125e77ca1924c9fa21dbb
Status: Downloaded newer image for laravelsail/php81-composer:latest

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Warning: TTY mode requires /dev/tty to be read/writable.
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      - Installing phar-io/version (3.1.0): Extracting archive
      - Installing phar-io/manifest (2.0.3): Extracting archive
      - Installing myclabs/deep-copy (1.10.2): Extracting archive
      - Installing phpunit/phpunit (9.5.10): Extracting archive
    76 package suggestions were added by new dependencies, use `composer suggest` to see details.
    Package swiftmailer/swiftmailer is abandoned, you should avoid using it. Use symfony/mailer instead.
Generating optimized autoload files
    > Illuminate\Foundation\ComposerScripts::postAutoloadDump
    > @php artisan package:discover --ansi
    Discovered Package: facade/ignition
Discovered Package: fruitcake/laravel-cors
Discovered Package: laravel/sail
Discovered Package: laravel/sanctum
    Discovered Package: laravel/tinker
Discovered Package: nesbot/carbon
    Discovered Package: nunomaduro/collision
    Package manifest generated successfully.
    77 packages you are using are looking for funding.
Use the `composer fund` command to find out more!
    > @php artisan vendor:publish --tag=laravel-assets --ansi --force
    No publishable resources for tag [laravel-assets].
Publishing complete.
    > @php artisan key:generate --ansi
    Application key set successfully.

Application ready! Build something amazing.
Sail scaffolding installed successfully.

Please provide your password so we can make some final adjustments to your application's permissions.

[sudo] password for wangqiang:

Thank you! We hope you build something incredible. Dive in with: cd example-app && ./vendor/bin/sail up
wangqiang@DESKTOP-QLPK8QM:/mnt/e/wwwroot$

18、最终创建成功的界面。如图17

图17

19、打开 E:\wwwroot\example-app 目录。如图18

图18

20、查看 Dockerfile 文件，Laravel 8 默认用的是 vendor/laravel/sail/runtimes/8.0 目录下的 Dockerfile。如图19

图19

21、运行容器，在项目的根目录下，执行以下命令：./vendor/bin/sail up。第一次运行的时候，会初始化容器。建议翻墙。我一般不倾向于使用国内的镜像。报错。如图20

图20

ERROR: for mysql  Cannot start service mysql: Ports are not available: listen tcp 0.0.0.0:3306: bind: Only one usage of each socket address (protocol/network address/port) is normally permitted.
ERROR: Encountered errors while bringing up the project.

22、原因应该在于本地的 mysql 数据库已经使用了 3306 端口，决定先将本地 mysql 数据库的端口修改为 3307。打开目录 C:\ProgramData\MySQL\MySQL Server 5.7，编辑 my.ini 文件。

[client]

# pipe
# socket=0.0
port=3307


[mysqld]

# The next three options are mutually exclusive to SERVER_PORT below.
# skip-networking

# enable-named-pipe

# shared-memory

# shared-memory-base-name=MYSQL

# The Pipe the MySQL Server will use
# socket=MYSQL

# The TCP/IP Port the MySQL Server will listen on
port=3307

23、重启电脑后，基于端口 3307 连接本地 mysql 数据库成功。如图21

图21

24、再次运行命令：./vendor/bin/sail up。会从 mysql 处开始运行，总计耗费时长：20分钟。sail up 命令运行成功后，会一直显示软件的实时日志界面。如图22

图22

25、此时你可以 ctrl+c 中断运行，再次运行时，可以使用 -d 参数让 sail up 命令在后台运行。如图23

图23

meilisearch_1   | [2021-12-21T03:09:36Z INFO  actix_web::middleware::logger] 127.0.0.1:51806 "GET /health HTTP/1.1" 200 22 "-" "Wget" 0.000297
^CGracefully stopping... (press Ctrl+C again to force)
Stopping example-app_laravel.test_1 ... done
Stopping example-app_mailhog_1      ... done
Stopping example-app_mysql_1        ... done
Stopping example-app_selenium_1     ... done
Stopping example-app_redis_1        ... done
Stopping example-app_meilisearch_1  ... done
wangqiang@DESKTOP-QLPK8QM:/mnt/e/wwwroot/example-app$ ./vendor/bin/sail up -d
example-app_laravel.test_1   start-container                  Exit 137
Shutting down old Sail processes...
Creating network "example-app_sail" with driver "bridge"
Creating example-app_redis_1       ... done
Creating example-app_mailhog_1     ... done
Creating example-app_meilisearch_1 ... done
Creating example-app_selenium_1    ... done
Creating example-app_mysql_1       ... done
Creating example-app_laravel.test_1 ... done
wangqiang@DESKTOP-QLPK8QM:/mnt/e/wwwroot/example-app$

26、打开 Docker Desktop，容器列表中存在容器：example-app，状态为运行中。如图24

图24

27、在浏览器中打开网址：http://localhost/ ，响应 200 。Laravel v8.76.2 (PHP v8.1.0)。开发环境部署成功。如图25

图25

28、针对 3306 端口被占用的问题，还有另外一种方案，即修改容器的端口为 43306。本地 mysql 数据库仍然使用 3306 端口。计划后续基于 Nginx Proxy Manager 实现。

29、编辑 C:/Windows/System32/Drivers/etc/hosts 文件，指定 IP 与域名之间的映射关系。

127.0.0.1 example-app.test

30、在浏览器中打开网址：http://example-app.test/ 。响应 200。如图26

图26